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Download PDF, 94 pages 1. Doctor = Publisher 2. One hundred doctors 3. Train on the track 4. Behind the scenes 5. Home stretch 6. Playground 7. The seventh day 8. Appendix We'll inform you Privacy BSK Download Statistics since 13 May 2005 |
1. Doctor = Publisher
I have a dream - A change of generations - Communication channels - Book vs. internet - Pioneer
projects - Traditional publishing house or the author as publisher? - Cash flow - The world needs
100 doctors Just imagine:
Utopia? Reality! It has been possible to read free of charge on www.HIVMedicine.com for a number of years now. In future, the textbook will be updated annually and made available on the internet. HIV Medicine: written by doctors, edited by doctors, published by doctors - for doctors. You are among your own kind. The advantage: unparalleled dedication from the authors and extremely short production times, which means that there is hardly any other book project in existence where up-to-date medical information is processed as quickly as in HIV Medicine. This has far-reaching consequences. The continuously updated specialised knowledge which is published in the duo of book + internet becomes a kind of permanent advanced training course, free of charge, prompt and ubiquitous. All thanks to the internet.HIV Medicine 2005 is a so-called Flying Publisher text. Flying Publisher texts exist 1) in book form and 2) simultaneously as a free internet site. So a Flying Publisher text has two physical conditions, a fee-based form (book) and a free-of-charge form (internet). Flying Publisher texts speed up the flow of information. Just imagine, if there were not only textbooks on HIV and AIDS, but also on other subjects, such as immunology, rheumatology, cardiology, antibiotic therapy, tropical medicine. Or - why ever not? - even for every possible medical field, as well as for the most important sub-sections (see the overview given on www.amedeo.com). In an instant, we would have an extensive virtual library with all the relevant information needed for day-to-day use. 100 books, 50,000 pages, free of charge, updated yearly. 99% of the questions which crop up in our daily medical routine would be covered.Would this be a contribution to the improvement of medical care? Yes, indeed it would. Sceptics express concern that doctors already have enough work to do and thus can't cope with being writers and publishers of free internet textbooks at the same time. First of all, they underestimate us. Secondly, the sceptics - especially if they are not doctors themselves - are not quite in step with the times. In the last five years, the internet has drastically reduced costs and time involved in the production and marketing of information of every kind. Nowadays, doctors can pass on their knowledge directly to colleagues and students, whether by e-mail, PDF files or through their own websites. Doctors no longer have to work together with publishing companies. It is time, once more, for a generation change. Until recently, those who published textbooks - mostly 45 and older - were too old to understand the internet. Those, on the other hand, who had some idea of the possibilities offered by the internet were too young and inexperienced, and therefore not ready to write textbooks yet. But, as time passes, people get older and the old ones, too old for the internet, take their leave and the young ones, young enough for the internet, get older and reach the age at which they can write textbooks. In the following chapters, we will work our way step by step through the process of how an idea becomes a text and how we get this text to our readers. The individual stages of this adventure are:
Before describing these points in detail, we have to go back to basics. What is communication? What do I want to achieve by writing this text? How many readers am I writing for? What is the difference between books and internet sites? What is more important: money or readers? Does it make more sense nowadays to publish a text in a traditional publishing house or as my own publisher? What is the cash flow like in a book project and what cash flows where? Communication is the transportation of thoughts, ideas, wishes, images or visions from one brain to another. When you stand up in front of a group of students in a lecture theatre, some things are only in your head, but not in the heads of the students. You speak for an hour and remedy this situation. If we want a message to reach more people, we need media other than language. In the course of history, people have invented cuneiform writing tablets, papyrus, manuscript, books, radio, television and the internet. The first three media are no longer modern, and radio and television are generally not available to us. This leaves us with books and the internet for the communication of our knowledge. The number of people we can reach with a message mainly depends on the subject. The number of people interested can range from 6 thousand million (Message: "the 10-kilometre meteorite is expected to hit three days before Christmas") to a few hundred (Message: "total mesorectal excision and urogenital dysfunctions"). But regardless of how many people are interested in a subject, the following rule applies: if I write and spend days and even weeks formulating a text, I want as many people as possible from the group theoretically interested in my text to read what I have written. I want the maximum conceivable audience for my text. Book vs. Internet ? - Book + Internet ! Books and the internet are the forms of communication media available to us doctors (Table 1 and 2). The most important difference is that we pay for books, but not for internet sites, and, in addition:
At first glance, books and the internet are very diverse media, at least when pitted against each other. However, they give a different impression when put side by side and combined (Table 1.3). A text which is produced as a combination of "book + internet" leaves little to be desired.
In addition, books and the internet benefit from each other. A book on its own is immobile - it takes internet sites to set the text in motion. Only then is it to be found standing on every street corner of the internet, calling "Please take me with you!" In return, a book is the best possible publicity for an internet site. It is only through books that internet sites are archived correctly and given authority - among other things, because the authors have no choice but to commit themselves in black and white. The result is that internet sites and books complement each other, and nowadays a text is only represented adequately in the combination, book + internet. Anyone who doesn't understand the complementary nature of book and internet sites should think very hard about whether writing still makes sense for him. There is little doubt: out of two equally competent and detailed medical textbooks, the one available free of charge on the internet will be the one to win favour with the readers. In a direct confrontation between "book only" and "book + internet", "books only" have a remote chance of survival. This fact means that the book with the free internet version ultimately gains market shares. The surprising twist is that the free internet version promotes the sale of the fee-based book version. The financial result of a well-planned parallel publication (book + free internet counterpart) can thus be very satisfying in the middle-term. We will come back to this point in more detail later. The number of readers is one of the most important variables which define the success of a text. We are investigating the extent to which this number is influenced by the publication of a free internet version in three pioneer projects, and can already anticipate the result. Texts on the internet have at least ten times as many readers as books only. The pioneer project for medical textbooks in the German-speaking part of the world was HIV.NET. As early as Spring 1996, the 460 pages of "AIDS 1996" were available on the internet. This practice has been continued until today ( http://hiv.net/download.htm). The reader figures for 2004 have been compiled in Table 1.4.
* The internet access figures have been rounded off
In 2004, about 1,000 books of the complete 712-page edition of HIV.NET were sold, as well as 2000 copies of the abridged "pocket edition" with the central chapters HIV Therapy, Drug Profiles, Side Effects, Lipodystrophy, Resistance Testing, Opportunistic Infections, and Lymphomas. The PDF version of the complete edition, which was freely available as of 14th July, was retrieved more than 5000 times in 6 months. Some chapters (Acute HIV infection, HIV Testing) were read 10 times more often on a computer monitor than in a book. HIV Medicine 2003 HIV Medicine 2003 ( www.HIVMedicine.com) roughly corresponds to the pocket version of HIV.NET (see above). 3000 copies of HIV Medicine 2003 were printed and handed out to the participants at an IAS congress in Paris by a pharmaceutical company.
* "Readers" should say "Potential readers" as not
everyone who owns a book actually reads it and not everyone who accesses an internet page reads it.
By the end of the year 2004, the PDF version of HIV Medicine 2003 had been downloaded from our servers more than 24,000 times The chapters "Acute HIV Infection" and "HIV Therapy" had an additional 25,000 and 13,000 readers, respectively (see Table 1.5). A novelty with HIV Medicine 2003 was the copyright removal ( http://hivmedicine.com/textbook/cr.htm, see details on page *). The simultaneous message to colleagues all over the world was "Colleagues, translate HIV Medicine 2003 and publicise the translation. If you want, you can even publish it under your own name. Sell the book, earn money from it. Whatever you do: we don't want a cent."The result: HIV Medicine 2003 was translated into Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Russian and Romanian ( http://hivmedicine.com/textbook/lang.htm).SARS Reference appeared between May and October 2003 in three editions ( www.SARSReference.com). The reader figures up to 5th May 2005 have been compiled in Table 1.6.
* Access numbers, 8th May 2003 to 5th May 2005
The PDF documents of the three editions were accessed more than 50,000 times; the most important chapters were opened more than 30,000 times each. As in the case of HIV Medicine 2003, we removed the copyright for SARS Reference. The book was then translated into Chinese, French, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish and Vietnamese (see http://sarsreference.com/sarsref/lang.htm). The two Chinese translations were also published as printed booklets and handed out to 7,000 and 10,000 Chinese doctors, respectively, at the peak of the SARS epidemic (see Fig. 1.1).Figure 1.1: Cover of the second Chinese translation SARS Reference had more than 200,000 readers in 20 months, because it was free of charge. It was translated into 8 languages because it was free of charge and the copyright had been removed. SARS Reference is in third place on the Google list after the CDC and the WHO, because it is known throughout the world. SARS Reference was reviewed twice, in Science and in the British Medical Journal, because it showed new ways of publishing medical information. * Access numbers, 8th May 2003 to 5th May 2005
Traditional publishing or self-publishing? The decision has been made: we are going to write a medical textbook and publish it both as a book and on the internet. But how precisely do we set about approaching this project? Do we have the publishing skills to achieve success? How do we organise it? Can we cope financially? Let's start by taking stock. In the last few years, doctors have seen how amazingly self-sufficient they have become in spreading medical information. Whether we wanted to or not, we have all become experts in word processing. Think back: how many doctors were familiar with the layout of letters on a typewriter 20 years ago? Back then, we had secretaries, and anyone who was able to touch-type kept this to himself and didn't give it away to his assistant until after he retired. Better still: we are not only adept at word processing but have also become practised layout designers. Anyone who has published scientific articles in medical journals has learned that he must "format" his texts in accordance with strict regulations. After all, the work performed in the medical publishing houses must be reduced to a minimum. And finally: today, we can transform a text into a PDF document within seconds with just one mouse-click and then position it - once more, within seconds and with another mouse-click - on a website. What is left for medical publishing houses to do in this context? 20 years ago, a text was sent to the publishers and
And today, in 2005? We type, our word-processing software typesets, PDF prints and the Internet distributes the online version. Which brings us to the conclusion: if proofreading is the only thing that stays in the hands of the publishers, why don't we just take over the whole production process? The only problem left would be distribution, which - as we will see later on - is a problem which can be solved for medical textbooks, 90% of which are sold in a relatively small number of specialised bookstores. So, let us put the question more precisely: what do we do if we have a finished manuscript? Do we go to a traditional publishing house or is it more beneficial to produce the book in our own garage? There is sometimes a sense of shame at the idea of publishing a written text ourselves. "Self-published" or "author's own publishing house" gives off an aura of cheap goods, discount stores and home-made socks from the post-war era. The argument: publishing houses are seen as a supervisory body, and it is this supervision that awards our texts the seal of approval, sanctifies our work, and renders sacred our Opus urbi et orbi. This was not true in the past - and is even less so today. In the medical publishing houses, more and more doctors are being replaced with economists. This may make sense within the business, but are economists the right people for us to talk to? Secondly, some medical publishing houses have suffered from globalisation, philosophy of efficiency and lean production structures. In the past, bestsellers existed to bring in enough money to help finance books which were not highly profitable but represented a meaningful supplement to the range. The tendency today, not surprisingly, is to avoid having to keep any exotic types on the payroll if at all possible, and to play safe and secure the financing of a new title right from the start by selling part of an edition to a pharmaceutical company. Thirdly, and this is perhaps the saddest point for doctors: morals are becoming rougher, the rules of courtesy are sinking into oblivion. One generation ago, old people say, courtesy and reserve ruled over any contact between doctors and publishers. This too is a thing of the past. In the age of rapid production, the doctor is becoming a supplier of raw material, has to meet delivery deadlines more than ever and is treated the way many people tend to treat delivery men: rudely. But to come back to the point mentioned at the beginning, that publishers are an important supervisory factor for the quality of our texts. In principle, supervisory bodies make sense, but are publishers the right ones for the job? Furthermore, which member of a medical publishing house should have been allowed to decide at the beginning of May 2003 - when even the specialists had only been aware of the extent of the SARS epidemic for six weeks - whether it was a sensible move to publish SARS Reference or not? Who has the right to decide whether something written by someone who has been practising his profession for 20 or 30 years should be published? Back to the question: "Publisher or garage?" Two reasons essentially speak in favour of an author's contract with a traditional publishing house:
The arguments that go against an author having a contract with a traditional publisher are:
Thus, the following speak in favour of publishing your medical textbook by yourself:
We therefore advise all colleagues to produce and market their textbooks themselves. The final price of a book, i.e. the price paid by the purchaser in a bookshop, is essentially made up of the items printed, distribution and profit.
27 to 40% are considerably higher than the authors' royalties, which are generally between 6 and 10% of the retail price. Figure 1.2 illustrates how cash flows when the authors (A) have ceded their rights to a traditional publisher. The future reader (R) goes into a bookshop (B) and pays the retail price (yellow arrow). The bookseller or wholesaler pays the publishing house (X) after deducting a sales margin of 30 to 45%. The publisher has previously transferred payment for the printing costs to the print shop (P) and pays the authors off over several months or years.
Figure 1.2: Book production is outsourced to a traditional publishing house. Example for an impression of 1000 books. The thickness of the yellow arrows reflects the volume of money which flows. The circumstances in Figure 1.3 are simpler, and more beneficial for the author. The publishers are out of the game and the authors market the books directly through the most important specialised medical bookshops. The future reader (R) goes into the bookstore (B), pays the retail price, and the bookseller remits 70% of this to the authors (A). The authors have previously transferred payment of the printing costs to the print shop (P).
Figure 1.3: Book production with the author as publisher. Example for a circulation of 1000 books. The thickness of the yellow arrows reflects the volume of money which flows. The circumstances in Figure 1.4 are even simpler than this. In this diagram, we have replaced the bookstore with a sponsor, such as a foundation (S). The sponsor pays the authors for the discounted books, and the authors in turn pay the printer (P). The reader (R) generally receives the books free of charge and is grateful (blue arrow). Figure 1.4: Book production with the author as publisher. One or more sponsors have taken on a circulation of 1000 books and give the books away to doctors who are interested. The thickness of the yellow arrows reflects the volume of money which flows. Blue arrow: gratitude In chapters 2 and 4 we go on to develop the thoroughly fascinating subject of financing and we will see that it is by no means ruinous to manufacture and market books. We also investigate the sales figures needed to make book production financially interesting. You already know that profits from book production can be two to six times higher than an author's royalties. We would like the most important medical fields to be covered in freely available textbooks on the internet by the year 2010. Medicine is not an unlimited area. The most important subjects can be covered in 100 textbooks. 100 doctors are wanted. 100 doctors can make the decision that up-to-date medical information will be available free of charge. 100 doctors who, because they have their ears to the ground, can use their project to push aside all comparable texts which exist in book form only. We need 100 clever, dedicated and far-sighted doctors. 100 doctors to revolutionise access to information. Whoever starts running now might be first past the post, and whoever gets established first will have a head start which will make it hard for competitors to catch up. And that is only the beginning. If you keep your copyright, you are your own master and can enjoy previously undreamed of liberties. This freedom makes things possible which would have been considered utopian just a few years ago. Copyright removal is one of the magic words you have come across in connection with HIVMedicine.com and SARSReference.com. Just say the word, and your texts will emerge in half a dozen different languages.What have you learned from this chapter? And what should you still remember tomorrow? That depends on whether you are an editor, an author, a doctor, a student or an interested bystander. Editor/Publisher Author Doctor Student Bystander
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